Koi

Nitrification cycle: here, a population of micro-organisms, known as the biomass, breaks down waste and removes toxins. The biomass should be regarded as a living organism that requires a) an adequate food source b) sufficient oxygen c) temperatures between 10°C – 40°C. Filter media should offer plenty of surface area and allow easy access of water through all parts of the filter. Disruptive chemicals should be avoided if at all possible.