Summary of Koi pond water quality

Water characteristic Unit of measurement  Koi's preferred level How to test for it      How to increase levels How to decrease levels
Temperature   ˚C 10–30˚C    

Thermometer
or electric
meter              

 Electric or gas
pond heater         		 n/a                        
Dissolved oxygen

Milligrams per litre
(mgl) or percentage
saturation (% sat)

 Above 5mgl or
75% saturation 		 Test kit or
electronic meter		 Waterfall, fountain,
venturi, running
water, lower
stocking levels		 n/a  
pH                        

Units of 
pH scale                        

 7–8                     Test kit or
electronic meter		 Limestone or shells Unlikely,
but
pH
buffers
are
available
Ammonia
Nitrite
Nitrate                  
 		 Milligrams per
litre (mgl)                                      		 0.0mgl 
<0.1mgl
<20mgl              
 		 Test kits (electronic meters are available) n/a Low stocking, appropriate feeding, efficient filtration
Hardness             °dH GH
°dH KH                                                                                                            		 Over 8
Over 4                              
 		 Test kit or electronic meter Limestone or shells Unlikely,
but
products
are
available
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